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Characteristic
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Anti-malarial Use during the Current Hospitalization
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|---|
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Yes
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No
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Overall
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|---|
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Age, yearsa
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27 (21–35)
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30 (25–43)
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30 (24–42)
|
|
Length of hospital stay, daysa
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4 (3–5)
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4 (3–6)
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4 (3–6)
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Patient-days of observation
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454
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3287
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3741
|
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Extent of anti-malarial use
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Anti-malarial Use during the Current Hospitalization, n (%)
|
|---|
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Yes
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No
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Total
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|---|
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Pre-admission anti-malarials
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97 (13)
|
665 (87)
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762
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In-hospital anti-malarials
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100 (13)
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662 (87)
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762
|
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Pre-admission anti-malarials
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38 (38)
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62 (62)
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100
|
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Pre-/in-hospital co-trimoxazole
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15 (15)
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85 (85)
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100
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In-hospital antibiotics
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61 (61)
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39 (39)
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100
|
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In-hospital antiretrovirals
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14 (14)
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86 (86)
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100
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Pre-/in-hospital anti-malarials
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159 (21)
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603 (79)
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762
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Subgroup analyses on key variables
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Anti-malarial Use, n (%)
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Single factor analysis
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|---|
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Yes
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No
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Total, [% col]b
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ORc
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95% CId for OR
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P-value
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|---|
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Gender
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Male
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20 ( 9)
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208 (91)
|
228 [30]
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1.0
| | |
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Female
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80 (15)
|
454 (85)
|
534 [70]
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1.8
|
1.09–3.07
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0.022
|
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Ward
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Gynaecological (GYN)
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25 (13)
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166 (87)
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191 [25]
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1.0
| | |
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Infectious Diseases and Gastrointestinal Illnesses (IDGI)
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57 (18)
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263 (82)
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320 [42]
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1.4
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0.87–2.39
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0.161
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Haematology, Neurology and Endocrinology (HNE)
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12 (10)
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105 (90)
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117 [15]
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0.8
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0.37–1.58
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0.459
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Cardiovascular, Pulmonology and Nephrology (CPN)
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6 ( 4)
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128 (96)
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134 [18]
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0.3
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0.12–0.78
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0.013
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Number of working diagnoses
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One
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21 (15)
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122 (85)
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143 [18]
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1.0
| | |
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Two
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26 (13)
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177 (87)
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203 [27]
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0.9
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0.46–1.59
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0.616
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Three
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28 (15)
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158 (85)
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186 [24]
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1.0
|
0.56–1.90
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0.926
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Four or more
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25 (11)
|
205 (89)
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230 [30]
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0.7
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0.38–1.32
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0.277
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Length of hospital stay, days
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Less than 5-days
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64 (15)
|
368 (85)
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432 [57]
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1.0
| | |
|
Five days or more
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36 (11)
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294 (89)
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330 [43]
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0.7
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0.46–1.09
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0.115
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HIV-serostatus
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Negative
|
49 (14)
|
291 (86)
|
340 [45]
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1.0
| | |
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Positive
|
23 (10)
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209 (90)
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232 [30]
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0.7
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0.39–1.11
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0.113
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Unknown
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28 (15)
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162 (85)
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190 [25]
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1.0
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0.62–1.70
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0.919
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Hospitalization in past 3-months
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No
|
75 (14)
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455 (86)
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532 [70]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
25 (11)
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205 (89)
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230 [30]
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0.7
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0.46–1.20
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0.227
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Charlson's co-morbidity index score
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Zero
|
64 (16)
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329 (84)
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393 [52]
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1.0
| | |
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One or more
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36 (10)
|
333 (90)
|
369 [48]
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0.6
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0.36–0.86
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0.008
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Antiretroviral therapy use
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No
|
86 (14)
|
549 (86)
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635 [83]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
14 (11)
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113 (89)
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127 [17]
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0.8
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0.43–1.44
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0.444
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Microscopy—Malaria Parasitaemia Results Available
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No
|
62 (62)
|
616 (93)
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678 [89]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
38 (38)
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46 ( 7)
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84 [11]
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8.2
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4.81–14.0
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< 0.001
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Major admission diagnosis
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Malaria
| | | | | | |
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No
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17 ( 3)
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604 (97)
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621 [81]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
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83 (59)
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58 (41)
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141 [19]
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50
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28.3–91.5
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< 0.001
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Immunosuppressed syndrome (ISS) or HIV/AIDSe
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No
|
86 (14)
|
524 (86)
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610 [80]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
14 ( 9)
|
14 (91)
|
152 [20]
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0.6
|
0.34–1.12
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0.113
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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No
|
92 (14)
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548 (86)
|
640 [84]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
8 ( 7)
|
114 (93)
|
122 [16]
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0.4
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0.20–0.88
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0.023
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Sepsis-related working diagnosis
|
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No
|
81 (12)
|
597 (88)
|
678 [89]
|
1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
19 (23)
|
65 (77)
|
84 [11]
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2.2
|
1.23–3.78
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0.007
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Respiratory Conditions except TB
| | | | | | |
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No
|
85 (13)
|
547 (87)
|
632 [83]
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1.0
| | |
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Yes
|
15 (12)
|
115 (88)
|
130 [17]
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0.8
|
0.47–1.51
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0.557
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Miscellaneous infections
|
|
No
|
78 (12)
|
571 (88)
|
649 [85]
|
1.0
| | |
|
Yes
|
22 (19)
|
91 (81)
|
113 [15]
|
1.8
|
1.05–2.98
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0.032
|
- aMedian (Interquartile Range, IQR)
- b% Column
- cOR Odds Ratio
- dconfidence interval
- eNot all HIV-positive patients had the immunosuppressed syndrome, ISS
