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Table 1 EIRs estimates in different studies conducted across sub-Saharan Africa between 1977 and 2020

From: Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate

Authors Year Country Locality EIR
Rural Periurban Urban
Abraham et al. [78] 2017 Ethiopia Sille 63.6   
Akogbeto et al. [79] 2000 Benin Cotonou 12 47 29
Adja et al. [80] 2011 Côte d'ivoire Gbatta, Kpehiri 298.8; 478.8   
Akono et al. [30] 2015 Cameroon Akonolinga, Yaoundé   813.95 552.61
Akono et al. [81] 2015 Cameroon Logbessou   47.28  
Antonio-Nkondjio et al. [82] 2002 Cameroon Simbock 368   
Antonio-Nkondjio et al. [14] 2012 Cameroon Douala    31
Amawulu et al. [83] 2016 Nigeria Bayelsa    80.5
Amek et al. [84] 2012 Kenya Nyanza 25.6   
Amvongo-Adjia et al. [85] 2018 Cameroon Tiko, Manfe, Santchou    8.4;16.8;26.88
Appawu et al. [86] 2004 Ghana Kassena Nankana 1218   
Beier et al. [45] 1990 Kenya Kisian, Saradidi 299; 237   
Bockarie et al. [87] 1994 Sierra Leone Bo 21–36   
Cano et al. [31] 2004 Equatorial Guinea Bioko    814.27
Cano et al. [88] 2006 Equatorial Guinea Yengue 298.8   
Carnevale et al. [89] 1985 Congo Brazzaville 80–850   
Carnevale et al. [90] 1992 Cameroon Mbebe 182   
Coene [91] 1993 RD Congo Kinshasa 455   30
Degefa et al. [92] 2015 Ethiopia Jimma 0–4781.5   
Diallo et al. [93] 1998 Senegal Dakar    0
Diallo et al. [94] 2000 Senegal Dakar    0
Daygena et al. [95] 2017 Ethiopia Gato 103.2   
Elissa et al. [96] 1999 Gabon Franceville 365 81  
Epopa et al. [97] 2019 Burkina Faso Bana, Pala, Souroukoudingan 393.47; 199.65; 151.84   
Getachew et al. [98] 2019 Ethiopia Ghibe    13.8
Lwetoijera et al. [99] 2014 Tanzania Kilombero 392.31   
Djamouko-Djonkam et al. [37] 2020 Cameroon Yaoundé   106.83 9.78
Dossou-yovo et al. [100] 1995 Ivory Coast Bouake 230   
Dossou-yovo et al. [101] 1994 Ivory Coast Bouake   126; 88  
Doumbe-Belisse et al. [11] 2018 Cameroon Yaoundé    0–92
Drakeley et al. [102] 2003 Tanzania Ifakara   30.7  
Fontenille et al. [103] 1992 Madagascar St Marie Island 100   
Fontenille et al. [104] 1997 Senegal Dielmo 159   
Fontenille et al. [105] 1997 Senegal Ndiop 31   
Fouque et al. [106] 2010 French Guinea Loca, Twenke 10; 5   
Govoetchan et al. [107] 2014 Benin Sonsoro, Gansosso 130.75   6.45
Hakizimana et al. [108] 2018 Rwanda Karambi, Mashesha, Kicukiro 1–329.8   107.5
Himeidan et al. [109] 2011 Sudan Koka, Um Salala 109.5; 3.65   
Karch et al. [110] 1992 Congo Kinshasa 620 66 3
Kasasa et al. [111] 2013 Ghana Navrongo    1.132–157
Kerah-Hinzoumbé [112] 2009 Chad Goulmoun 311   
Kibret et al. [113] 2014 Ethiopia Ziway 0.25–27.3   
Klinkenberg et al. [13] 2008 Ghana Accra    6.6–19.2
Krafsur et al. [114] 1977 Western Ethiopia Gambela 97   11
Lemasson et al. [115] 1997 Senegal Barkedji 114   
Lindsay et al. [116] 1990 Gambia Banjul    1.3
Lochouarn et al. [117] 1993 Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso    2
Gadiaga et al. [118] 2011 Senegal Dakar    17.6
Githeko et al. [119] 1993 Kenya Ahero 91–416   
Machault et al. [28] 2009 Senegal Dakar    0–16.8
Mala et al. [120] 2011 Kenya Kamarimar, Tirion 1.44; 1.61   
Manga et al. [121] 1992 Cameroon Yaoundé    3; 13
Massebo et al. [122] 2013 Ethiopia Chano 0–73.2   
Mbogo et al. [123] 2003 Kenya Malindi 0–120   
Mbogo et al. [124] 1993 Kenya Kilifi 8   1.5
Mbogo et al. [125] 1995 Kenya Kilifi 0–59.6   
Mourou et al. [39] 2012 Gabon Libreville    33.9
Mourou et al. [41] 2010 Gabon Libreville, Port-Gentil    3.45;66.45
Mutuku et al. [126] 2011 Kenya Kidomaya, Jego 5.16   
Muturi et al. [127] 2008 Kenya Kiamachiri, Mbuijeru, Murinduko 4.06; 2.55; 2.50   
Mwangangi et al. [128] 2013 Kenya Kimudia, Kiwalwa, Mwarusa, Njoro 31.95; 123.92; 59.78; 45.06   
Mwanziva et al. [129] 2011 Tanzania Gichameda 0.51   
Ndenga et al. [130] 2006 Kenya Iguhu, Kombewa,Marani,Mbale 16.6;31.1;0.4;1.1   
Njan Nloga et al. [131] 1993 Cameroon Ebogo 355   
Okello et al. [132] 2006 Uganda Jinja, Arua, Apac, Tororo, Mubende, Kyenjojo, Kanungu 397; 1586; 562; 4; 7; 6 6  
Okwa et al. [133] 2009 Nigeria Bungudu-Gusau, Badagry, Onitsha, Bonny 23.31 74.1;32.1; 34.5  
Olayemi et al. [134] 2011 Nigeria Ilorin and Minna    0.83
Overgaard et al. [135] 2012 Equatorial Guinea Bioko    163–840
Owusu-Agyei et al. [136] 2009 Ghana Kintampo 269   
Richard et al. [137] 1988 Congo Mayombe   80; 397  
Robert et al. [89] 1985 Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso 50; 60; 55; 133   
Robert et al. [138] 1986 Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso   5 0.1;0.5
Robert et al. [139] 1993 Cameroon Edea    4; 30
Robert et al. [140] 1998 Senegal Niakhar 9; 12;26   
Rossi et al. [141] 1986 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 92; 82; 430 10; 23 7;0;0
Salako et al. [50] 2018 Benin Alibori, Donga 285.48   49.8
Shiff et al. [142] 1995 Tanzania Coastal Tanzania 94–703   
Shililu et al. [143] 2003 Eritrea Anseb, Debub, Gash-Barka, Nothern Red Sea 3.45; 15.95; 66.45; 0   
Smith et al. [144] 1993 Tanzania Kilombero 329   
Tabue et al. [145] 2017 Cameroon Garoua, mayo Oulo, Pitoa 71.54 33.9 3.45
Tanga et al. [146] 2010 Cameroon Likoko 460.1   
Tchouassi et al. [147] 2012 Ghana Kpone-on-sea 62.1   
Tchuinkam et al. [51] 2010 Cameroon Djuttitsa, Dschang, Santchou 0; 90.5   62.8
Thompson et al. [148] 1997 Mozambique Maputo   20 0
Trape and Zoulani [149] 1987 Congo Brazzaville   101 0.3
Trape et al. [150] 1992 Senegal Pikine, Dakar   0.4 0.01
Vercruysse [151] 1981 Senegal Pikine, Dakar    43
Vercruysse [152] 1985 Senegal North Senegal 1; 6.5   
Yadouléton et al. [12] 2010 Benin Cotonou, Parakou, Porto Novo    102.2; 54.73;83.95
Zogo et al. [153] 2019 Côte d'ivoire Korhogo 2.46   
  1. EIR, infected bites per person per year
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